Cheondoism, also known as Cheondogyo, is a Korean religion founded in the late 19th century. It emphasizes ethical living and social justice and is considered a form of Confucianism. The main belief of Cheondoism is that all human beings have the innate potential to attain enlightenment and become one with the ultimate divine reality, known as “Hwang Sung.”
Origins and Beliefs
Cheondoism originated from the Donghak (Eastern Learning) movement, which began in the 1860s under the leadership of Choe Je-u. This movement aimed to resist the oppression of the ruling class and promote social justice. Cheondoism’s core beliefs include:
- Innaechon (人乃天): This doctrine means “Humans are Heaven,” emphasizing that divinity is inherent in every person and that humans have a divine nature.
- Sangje (上帝): Belief in a supreme god or the Lord of Heaven, who is the ultimate source of all things.
- Unity of Heaven, Earth, and Humanity: Emphasizing the interconnectedness of the universe and promoting harmony between heaven, earth, and humans.
- Ethical Living and Social Justice: Advocating for a life of righteousness, compassion, and humility, while addressing social injustices and promoting the well-being of all people.
- Hwang Sung: The ultimate divine reality that believers aim to become one with through enlightenment.
Practices
Cheondoist practices focus on self-cultivation, respect for elders and the weak, and serving society. The religion incorporates rituals, prayers, and ceremonies that honor Sangje and promote moral living. Additionally, Cheondoists celebrate traditional Korean festivals and place a strong emphasis on environmental protection.
Historical Development
Cheondoism has undergone various phases of development:
- Early Days as a Peasant Movement: The Donghak Peasant Revolution of 1894 was a significant uprising against corrupt officials and foreign intervention.
- Recognition during the Joseon Dynasty: Over time, Cheondoism gained recognition as a distinct religion.
- Decline during the Japanese Occupation: The religion faced suppression and decline during this period.
- Resurgence after the Korean War: Cheondoism experienced a revival and continues to be a significant religion in South Korea today.
Influence and Contemporary Status
Cheondoism has played an important role in Korean history, contributing to a sense of national identity and resistance against oppression. Today, it is estimated to have over one million followers in South Korea, where it continues to engage in religious, cultural, and social activities that uphold its principles and teachings.
Note: this post is intended to broaden the perspective of all readers and is merely a brief introduction. I encourage you to continue to explore by seeking additional content, attending multicultural events, and through curious conversations with members of this faith.
References:
- OpenAI. 2024. ChatGPT. Version 4.0. OpenAI.
- Glossary of faith and religion terms
- Wikipedia